数字普惠金融对农村家庭相对贫困影响效应——基于宁夏的农户调研数据

随着绝对贫困的全面消除,我国将进入以相对贫困治理为核心的扶贫工作新阶段,发挥数字普惠金融减缓相对贫困的效应至关重要。本文利用宁夏3县区9村426户田野调查数据,运用熵值法、A-F法、Logit模型和中介效应模型,在测算数字普惠金融指数和识别多维相对贫困家庭的基础上,分析数字普惠金融对农村家庭多维相对贫困的影响效应,探讨其影响机制。结果表明,宁夏农村地区经济维度的“贫”已基本得到消除,但健康、教育、安全饮水和卫生厕所等因素导致的相对之“困”依然严峻。农户在数字普惠金融的结算、储蓄和信贷服务已有部分涉及,但对互联网投资、互联网保险等深层次金融业务的参与尚且较低。数字普惠金融对不同权重下的相对贫困均有显著的减缓作用,并且随着剥夺维度提升其减贫作用呈增长态势。数字普惠金融可以通过提高农户电商意愿及行为、增强健康意识、促进消费进而达到缓解相对贫困之目的。因此,为减缓宁夏农村家庭相对贫困状况,需注重农户自我发展能力提升与农村生活标准改善,深化农户数字普惠金融使用深度,充分发挥数字普惠金融的减贫助农作用等。     

芒果果实品质评价因子的选择

【目的】简化芒果品质评价因素,为制定芒果品质评价指标提供参考依据。【方法】采用主成分分析、系统聚类分析及合理—满意度多维价值理论的合并规则,对广西栽培的18个芒果品种的果形指数、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、可溶性糖含量和风味等19个主要品质指标进行综合评价,筛选芒果果实品质简化评价因子。【结果】芒果的多个品质指标变量间存在相对独立性和密切相关性,主成分分析后提取出可溶性固形物和可溶性总糖含量特征向量较大、水分含量特征向量绝对值较大等7个主成分,系统聚类分析后19个品质指标聚类简化成糖酸比、果肉色泽（L^＊）、维生素C（Vc）、果实硬度等9个代表性指标,经合理—满意度多维价值理论合并规则综合评价,筛选出红芒6号、紫花芒、桂热82号、桂热120号和香芒5个品种为品质较优品种。【结论】主成分分析、系统聚类分析及合理—满意度多维价值理论的合并规则可用于简化芒果果实品质评价工作。     

Analysis of regional variation of height growth and slenderness in populations of six urban tree species using a quantile regression approach

Inventory data of six urban tree species from seven cities across Germany were used to model regional variation of height growth, allometric scaling, and slenderness over a wide range of size and age using a quantile regression approach. Variation within and between species and cities was large. Height did not reach an asymptote but declined at higher ages, presumably because of reduction cuts. Allometric scaling and slenderness varied with wind climate, modulus of elasticity, and coefficient of drag. Our data do not support the use of a threshold value of slenderness in tree risk assessment.     

荒漠化防治条件下土地利用系统多维灰色动态评估——以山西省河曲县为例

通过对山西省河曲县荒漠化防治效益的多维灰色动态评估,实现了静态的横向比较和动态的纵向比较。预测了不同土地利用系统的发展趋势,并划分了6种发展趋势类型:即高稳定型、低稳定型、中稳定型、上升型、下降型和不稳定型。结果表明,河曲县的荒漠化防治效益以上升趋势为主。     

海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林生理生态功能群特征

在海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林,野外测定获得3个与植物-大气相互作用直接相关的生理生态特性指标(最大净光合速率、最大气孔导度和比叶面积),应用等级聚类分析和NMS排序方法对热带山地雨林的主要植物进行功能群划分,分析热带山地雨林4个演替阶段(初期、早期、中期和后期)生理生态功能群组成及其动态规律。结果表明:海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林的87个主要植物种类可划分为8个功能群,检验结果显示功能群间存在显著差异,而功能群内同质性较高;功能群的丰富度及相对多度在不同演替阶段差异显著;功能群的丰富度在演替初期最低,演替早、中期最高,演替后期略有降低;演替初期的优势功能群光合能力强,水分利用效率低,演替早、中期的优势功能群光合能力、水分利用效率均为中等;演替后期的优势功能群光合能力偏低,水分利用效率高。     

基于非趋势波动分析的河川径流动力学特性研究

应用非趋势波动分析法,有效消除了数据中的噪声和非平稳信息影响,得到了定量描述河川径流长期演变行为的参数,即标度指数。根据标度指数的变化特性,探讨了河川径流的长程幂律相关及其存在的时间尺度等问题,通过黄河上游贵德水文站径流资料的仿真分析,表明该方法是可行的。     

重庆市县域交通可达性与多维贫困耦合关系研究

研究交通基础设施与区域贫困之间的关系是实施乡村振兴战略的基础.以重庆市37个区县为例,采用地理信息技术对研究区的交通可达性进行定量评价,并构建以区县为单元的多维贫困评价指标体系,以此分析研究区交通可达性与多维贫困耦合度的空间分布特征.研究结果表明:①重庆市县域交通可达性相对较高,区县之间差距较大,空间分布存在明显的梯度变化特征,可达性值由东向西逐渐降低;②重庆市县域多维贫困程度相对较高,空间集聚效益较强,高多维贫困度和较高多维贫困度的区县主要分布在渝东北三峡库区城镇群和渝东南武陵山区城镇群,低多维贫困度和较低多维贫困度的区县主要分布在都市圈和主城区;③将交通可达性与多维贫困的耦合水平分为低度耦合、中度耦合、高度耦合、极度耦合4种等级,重庆市县域耦合度整体较高,片区之间耦合水平具有差异,主城区和都市圈耦合水平相对较高,属于低贫困程度的高耦合水平,渝东北三峡库区城镇群和渝东南武陵山区城镇群耦合水平相对较低,属于贫困程度相对较高的低耦合水平;④将交通可达性与多维贫困的耦合类型分为交通可达性滞后型、多维贫困滞后型、双贫困同步协调发展型三大型,其空间分布具有一定规律,交通可达性滞后型区县较分散,多维贫困滞后型区县集中在重庆市西部地区,双贫困同步协调发展型区县则分布在市域西南和东北两端.     

根系带水质量模型参数灵敏度分析与标定的研究

利用收集的河南省新乡试验站田间试验数据对根系带水质量模型(ROOt Zone Water Quality Model,RZWQM)输入参数进行灵敏度分析和标定.结果表明,通过参数的灵敏度分析结果对RZWQM进行调参,节省参数校核时间,提高精度.参数标定后模拟值与实测值的对比显示,土壤含水量的模拟均方根差和平均相对误差分...     

利用隶属函数法筛选百合鳞片繁殖最佳条件

以东方系百合索蚌(Sorbonne)和O/T系百合黄天霸(Manissa)2个品种为试验材料,采用室内控温埋片方法,通过对鳞片进行不同激素处理和变温处理,对不同处理下小鳞茎产生的数量、鲜重、直径、根数等指标进行测定.利用隶属函数法对材料的各项指标进行综合评价.结果表明:索蚌鳞片繁殖的最佳条件为:IBA 200 mg/L浸泡鳞片30 min,置23℃条件下12 w;黄天霸鳞片繁殖的最佳条件为:先将鳞片置于23℃条件下8 w,然后移置5℃条件下6 w.     

Effects of urbanization on California’s fish diversity: Differentiation, homogenization and the influence of spatial scale

Human development of freshwater ecosystems has lead to drastic changes in freshwater fish faunas, including the loss of many native species and the gain of non-natives. Typically conservation ecologists view these two opposing forces as contributing to biological homogenization, and consider homogenization as one of the principle negative consequences of urbanization. However, homogenization is only one outcome out of many that can result from the loss and gain of species. In particular, it is possible for invasions and extinctions to lead to differentiation; a process whereby two (or more) regions become less similar to one another through time. Using the freshwater fishes of California, we show that urbanization is highly positively correlated to both the endangerment of native fish and the invasion of non-native fish within watersheds. Despite this, the fish faunas of California’s watersheds have differentiated from one another through time. Furthermore, the degree of differentiation is positively correlated with measures of urbanization, which is contrary to expectation. We suggest that this result reflects: (1) the haphazard manner in which non-native fishes have been introduced into California watersheds, (2) the difficulty that both native and non-native fishes have in expanding their geographical ranges, and (3) the continued presence of vestiges of formerly distinct regional faunas. This pattern of differentiation among watersheds is likely a matter of scale, as previous work on freshwater fishes has demonstrated homogenization at both larger and smaller spatial scales. In addition the observed pattern is probably a short-term (temporal) phenomena and will disappear with continued invasion and extinction. We suggest that similar patterns may occur for other taxa that have limited natural dispersal abilities and that are idiosyncratically released as non-natives via human activities (e.g. herptiles).